For Canada, we were able to detect a maximum of 83% of initial waves 1 week earlier using Google searches on symptoms. Subsequently, we attempted to find anomalies in indicator time-series to understand the lag between the warning signals and real-word outbreak waves. We visualized and correlated the trends for each source of data against confirmed cases for all provinces and states. Two types of terms including symptoms and preventive measures were used to filter Twitter and Google Trends data. In this study, we aimed to evaluate several digital data streams as early warning signals of COVID-19 outbreaks in Canada, the US and their provinces and states.
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has posed a severe threat to public health worldwide. 3Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.2Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, ON, Canada.1School of Computer Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.Samira Yousefinaghani 1, Rozita Dara 1 *, Samira Mubareka 2 and Shayan Sharif 3
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